Ergogenics   [Definitie:] "An ergogenic aid is any substance or phenomenon that enhances performance." (Wilmore and Costill)   Nieuwsbrief over doping, supplementen, voeding en training
CKGGRAKDC-GG-D(KLAKLAK)2       Emagrece       Enviga       Astaxanthine

1 3 - 1 0 - 2 0 0 2 Melanotan 1 en 2: lifestyle drugs van morgen Amerikaanse en Australische onderzoekers werken aan een nieuwe categorie middelen die gebruikers slank, bruin en seksueel actiever zullen maken. Journalisten vermoeden dat ze zullen uitgroeien tot net zulke populaire life style drugs als xenical of viagra. Ergogenics schetst alvast hun profiel. Melanotan 1: de stof Een versie van het hormoon alfa-melanocel stimulerend hormoon of alfa-MSH. MSH zet huidcellen aan om meer eumelanine aan te maken.(7) Lijkt in sommige stukken van de hersenen de dopaminereceptoren gevoeliger te maken.(9) Melanotan 1: bijwerkingen Milde misselijkheid, blozen.(2) Melanotan 1: gebruik Onderhuidse injecties werken het best, intraveneus toedienen kan ook. Doseringen van 0,08 tot 0,21 milligram per kilo lichaamsgewicht. Tien injecties in twee weken zorgen voor bruining van voorhoofd, armen en nek.(2) Melanotan 1: de maker Het Australische EpiTan wil een onderhuids aan te brengen pil binnen drie jaar op de markt brengen. Het implantaat moet een gezonde bruine huidskleur veroorzaken en beschermen tegen huidkanker.(11) Melanotan 2: de stof Een andere versie van alfa MSH. Doet niet alleen iets met de huidcellen maar verhoogt ook de aanmaak van NO in de zwellichamen van de penis.(8) Heeft een afslankeffect doordat het de aanmaak van UCP3 in bruin vetweefsel en spieren verhoogt.(10) Daardoor verhoging van stofwisseling.(4) Melanotan 2: bijwerkingen Milde misselijkheid, gapen, bruinverkleuring op billen, bovenlichaam en gezicht.(1) Verlies van eetlust.(3) Melanotan 2: gebruik en werking Onderhuidse injecties van 0,01 tot 0,005 milligram per kilo lichaamsgewicht. Erecties komen 1 tot 5 uur na injecties, afhankelijk van dosis.(2) Dosis van 0,025 milligram effectief om erecties te veroorzaken bij door psychische oorzaken impotente mannen.(3) Ook toename van de zin in seks.(5) (6) Melanotan 2: de maker Het Amerikaanse Palatin doet klinisch onderzoek.(11) 1. Dorr RT, Lines R, Levine N, Brooks C, Xiang L, Hruby VJ, Hadley ME. Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. Life Sci 1996;58(20):1777-84. [PubMed] 2. Ugwu SO, Blanchard J, Dorr RT, Levine N, Brooks C, Hadley ME, Aickin M, Hruby VJ. Skin pigmentation and pharmacokinetics of melanotan-I in humans. Biopharm Drug Dispos 1997 Apr;18(3):259-69. [PubMed] 3. Wessells H, Fuciarelli K, Hansen J, Hadley ME, Hruby VJ, Dorr R, Levine N. Synthetic melanotropic peptide initiates erections in men with psychogenic erectile dysfunction: double-blind, placebo controlled crossover study. J Urol 1998 Aug;160(2):389-93. [PubMed] 4. Chen AS, Metzger JM, Trumbauer ME, Guan XM, Yu H, Frazier EG, Marsh DJ, Forrest MJ, Gopal-Truter S, Fisher J, Camacho RE, Strack AM, Mellin TN, MacIntyre DE, Chen HY, Van der Ploeg LH. Role of the melanocortin-4 receptor in metabolic rate and food intake in mice. Transgenic Res 2000 Apr;9(2):145-54. [PubMed] 5. Wessells H, Gralnek D, Dorr R, Hruby VJ, Hadley ME, Levine N. Effect of an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog on penile erection and sexual desire in men with organic erectile dysfunction. Urology 2000 Oct 1;56(4):641-6. [PubMed] 6. Wessells H, Levine N, Hadley ME, Dorr R, Hruby V. Melanocortin receptor agonists, penile erection, and sexual motivation: human studies with Melanotan II. Int J Impot Res 2000 Oct;12 Suppl 4:S74-9. [PubMed] 7. Dorr RT, Dvorakova K, Brooks C, Lines R, Levine N, Schram K, Miketova P, Hruby V, Alberts DS. Increased eumelanin expression and tanning is induced by a superpotent melanotropin [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH in humans. Photochem Photobiol 2000 Oct;72(4):526-32. [PubMed] 8. Vemulapalli R, Kurowski S, Salisbury B, Parker E, Davis H. Activation of central melanocortin receptors by MT-II increases cavernosal pressure in rabbits by the neuronal release of NO. Br J Pharmacol 2001 Dec;134(8):1705-10. [PubMed] 9. Lindblom J, Kask A, Hagg E, Harmark L, Bergstrom L, Wikberg J. Chronic infusion of a melanocortin receptor agonist modulates dopamine receptor binding in the rat brain. Pharmacol Res 2002 Feb;45(2):119-24. [PubMed] 10. Cettour-Rose P, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F. The leptin-like effects of 3-d peripheral administration of a melanocortin agonist are more marked in genetically obese Zucker (fa/fa) than in lean rats. Endocrinology 2002 Jun;143(6):2277-83. [PubMed] 11. Henk Hellema. Bruin, slank en viriel met één pilletje. De Gelderlander, 2-10-2002. 1 4 - 0 5 - 2 0 0 7 Pretty pills: the secret to a younger looking you? By CLAIRE COLEMAN Daily Mail 14th May 2007 [Fragment] Perhaps the most exciting development, for pill poppers in pursuit of the body beautiful, is the new and widespread availability of a drug called Melanotan II. News of this drug first hit several years ago and it was the subject of much public interest after it was dubbed ‘The Barbie Pill’ by the media. The drug, which is a synthetically produced hormone, was originally developed by researchers at the University of Arizona to combat skin cancer and worked by increasing the levels of melanin, which works as the body’s natural sun protection system. In the course of research it was discovered that side effects included increased libido and reduced appetite. For some, it really did sound like a miracle pill. However, for a start, Melanotan II was not a pill. It’s a hormone, which means it can’t be swallowed, as the chemicals in the gut would destroy it. It can, however, be introduced into the body either through placing an implant under the skin, or via an injection. It has not yet been approved by the FDA (the body that approves and regulates drugs, cosmetics and supplements) in the USA, nor is it a licensed drug in this country. But this doesn’t mean it’s not available. Several websites around the world, including one in the UK, sell Melanotan II and give users detailed instructions on how to dissolve the drug in water and inject it. Aside from all the dangers inherent in untrained people stabbing needles into themselves, there are other risks. Fans say they are delighted with the results they have achieved but, a closer inspection of internet forums where users discuss their experiences with the drug reveal some worrying stories. Alongside potential side effects of nausea and flushing, some users are reporting that existing moles and freckles are becoming darker, and that new moles and freckles are also forming, could it be that a product that was developed to tackle skin cancer might actually cause it? The honest answer is that we just don’t know. Professor Mark Birch-Machin, a Professor of Molecular Dermatology at the University of Newcastle Upon Tyne thinks that the original studies into what the drug is capable of has some merit but stresses that our knowledge of its application and its side effects is patchy. “Melanotan II simply hasn’t been around long enough for us to be able to look at the long term effects that this hormone could have on the body. And, taking any drug that hasn’t been extensively trialled is always going to have its potential dangers.” He also cautions any redheads who think that this could turn them into a bronzed beauty to think again. “This works by stimulating the brown pigment in the skin. If you have very pale skin, your body may not contain any of this brown pigment at all so it simply may not work.” [Link]

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